7-6
Typical one-sided spectral density of phase deviation vs.
offset frequency,
for various standards, calculated at 5 MHz.
L(f) = ½ Sf
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
-110
-120
-130
-140
-150
-160
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
10*Log(Sf(f))
Log (f)
Cesium
Quartz



Hydrogen
Maser

Rubidium
Phase Instabilities of Various Frequency Standards