4-4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
t
0
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
4
Temperature
Step
Vibration
Shock
Oscillator
Turn Off
&
Turn On
2-g
Tipover
Radiation
Time
t
5
t
6
t
7
t
8
Aging
Off
On
Short-Term
Instability
Idealized Frequency-Time-Influence Behavior
Shown above are the major types of oscillator frequency instabilities.
The pages that follow show each of the changes, and some others, in more detail.