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When a resonator experiences an
acceleration, the strains due to the acceleration cause frequency changes, as
shown above. Under vibration, the time
varying strains cause time dependent frequency changes, i.e., the vibration
causes frequency modulation, as shown on the pages that follow.
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The relationship between frequency and
acceleration can become nonlinear at high accelerations due to deformation of
the mounting structure. The
acceleration sensitivity can also be a function of temperature.
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M. Valdois, J.
Besson, and J.J. Gagnepain, “Influence of Environment conditions on a Quartz
Resonator,” Proc. 28th Annual Symposium on Frequency control, pp. 19-32,
1794, AD-A011113.
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R. L. Filler,
"The Acceleration Sensitivity of Quartz Crystal Oscillators: A Review," IEEE Transactions on
Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, Vol. 35, No. 3, pp.
297-305, May 1988.
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J. R. Vig, C.
Audoin, L. S. Cutler, M. M. Driscoll, E. P. EerNisse, R. L. Filler, R. M.
Garvey, W. L. Riley, R. C. Smythe, and R. D. Weglein, "Acceleration,
Vibration and Shock Effects - IEEE Standards Project P1193," Proc. 1992
IEEE Frequency Control Symposium, 763-781, 1992; also, The Effects of
Acceleration on Precision Frequency Sources, U. S. Army Laboratory
Command Research and Development Technical Report SLCET-TR-91-3, March 1991,
AD-A235470.
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