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Clock is assumed to
run continuously. In most instances, even when the equipment is OFF, the
clock continues to operate.
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Curves are
approximations and should not be used for design. Although the curves show battery lifetime
derated for temperature, at very low current drains, most of the battery’s
energy can be recovered. For example,
a D-sized Li SO2 battery at -40°C retains about 50% of its maximum
capacity when providing 0.5A (1.5 W) , 65% of its capacity when providing
0.1A (300 mW), and 85% of its capacity when providing 0.01A (30 mW).“
Conversely, at at high current drain, the batteries deliver less than 50% of
capacity. When these factors are taken
into account, the curves rise at the left (i.e., at low current drain) and
curve downward at the right.
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D-cell capacity is
equivalent to the Li-Ion cell shown on the chart.
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The AA alkaline
battery WAS NOT derated for temperature because at –30°C the battery
is virtually useless.
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BA batteries are
lithium/sulfur dioxide type.
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The “mini Rb/Cs”
power is the goal of a development program; no such atomic standard exists as
of 2001.
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--------------------------
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David Linden, ed., Handbook
of Batteries and Fuel Cells, McGraw-Hill Book Co., pp. 11-21 to 11-30,
1984.
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The above chart was
prepared April, 2001, by Yoonkee Kim and Vince Rosati, using Sigma Plot to
generate the graph, which was imported into Power Point by Vaughn Skidmore.
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